Environmental Law
Environmental protection, pollution control, environmental legislation, constitutional protection, and international environmental law.
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Environmental Law
Environmental protection, pollution control, environmental legislation, constitutional protection, and international environmental law.
38
Notes
30
Case laws
38
MCQs
5
Important questions
Bare Acts
1. Meaning of Environment, Ecology and Ecosystem | The Basics You Need First
Unit 1 · 11 min read
2. Biosphere and Biomes | The Living Layer of the Earth and Its Major Zones
Unit 1 · 9 min read
3. Biodiversity and Conservation | Why the Variety of Life Needs Protecting
Unit 1 · 10 min read
4. Ozone Depletion, Global Warming and Climate Change | The Three Terms Students Mix Up
Unit 1 · 10 min read
5. Need for Preservation of Environment and the Ancient Indian Approach
Unit 1 · 10 min read
6. Environmental Degradation and Pollution | Kinds, Causes and Effects
Unit 1 · 11 min read
1. Trespass as a Remedy Against Environmental Pollution
Unit 2 · 9 min read
2. Negligence as a Remedy Against Environmental Pollution
Unit 2 · 10 min read
3. Strict and Absolute Liability
Unit 2 · 10 min read
4. Relevant Provisions under IPC, CrPC and CPC for Environmental Pollution
Unit 2 · 11 min read
5. Remedies under the Specific Relief Act, 1963
Unit 2 · 11 min read
1. Law of Forest Conservation | Protecting India's Forests from Diversion and Destruction
Unit 3 · 11 min read
2. Wildlife Protection Law | Safeguarding India's Wild Animals and Endangered Species
Unit 3 · 11 min read
3. Water Pollution Law | Preventing and Controlling the Pollution of Water Bodies
Unit 3 · 11 min read
4. Air Pollution Law | Preventing and Controlling Air Pollution in India
Unit 3 · 11 min read
5. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 | India's Umbrella Environmental Law
Unit 3 · 11 min read
6. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 | Protecting and Sharing India's Biological Wealth
Unit 3 · 12 min read
7. Hazardous Waste Management Law | Rules on Handling and Cross-Border Movement of Hazardous Waste
Unit 3 · 11 min read
8. Environmental Pollution Control Mechanism | Authorities, Powers and the National Green Tribunal
Unit 3 · 12 min read
1. Article 48A and Article 51A(g) of the Constitution of India | Environment in the Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties
Unit 4 · 11 min read
2. Article 31(C) of the Constitution of India | Constitutional Protection for Laws Implementing Environmental Directive Principles
Unit 4 · 11 min read
3. Legislative Powers of the Centre and State Government over Environment | Article 246, the Seventh Schedule and Article 253
Unit 4 · 11 min read
4. Writ Jurisdiction and Environmental Protection | Articles 32 and 226, Public Interest Litigation and Continuing Mandamus
Unit 4 · 11 min read
5. Role of the Indian Judiciary in the Evolution of Environmental Jurisprudence
Unit 4 · 12 min read
6. Purpose and Advantages of Green Belt Development
Unit 4 · 10 min read
1. Transboundary Pollution | When Pollution Crosses an International Border
Unit 5 · 11 min read
2. State Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm | When Does a Country Become Legally Responsible?
Unit 5 · 11 min read
3. Liability of Multinational Corporations and Companies | When the Polluter Is a Private Company, Not a State
Unit 5 · 12 min read
4. Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, 1972 | The Founding Moment of International Environmental Law
Unit 5 · 12 min read
5. Role of UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) | The Institution Behind the International Regime
Unit 5 · 12 min read
6. Ramsar Convention, 1971 | Protecting the World's Wetlands
Unit 5 · 11 min read
7. Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species, 1979 | Protecting Animals That Cross Borders by Nature
Unit 5 · 11 min read
8. Nairobi Declaration, 1982 | The Ten-Year Review That Led to "Sustainable Development"
Unit 5 · 11 min read
9. Convention on Biological Diversity | The Rio Earth Summit, 1992
Unit 5 · 12 min read
10. Kyoto Protocol, 1997 | The First Binding Climate Treaty
Unit 5 · 12 min read
11. Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development, 2002 | The "Rio+10" Reality Check
Unit 5 · 11 min read
12. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992 | The Parent Treaty Behind Kyoto and Paris
Unit 5 · 12 min read
13. COP21 and the Paris Agreement, 2016 | A New, Universal Approach to Climate Change
Unit 5 · 13 min read
No case laws available for this unit yet.
Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v. K.K.R. Majestic Colony Welfare AssociationLandmark
Unit 2 · 2000 (decided 30 August 2000)
Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v. K.K.R. Majestic Colony Welfare Association (చర్చ్ ఆఫ్ గాడ్ v. K.K.R. మెజెస్టిక్ కాలనీ వెల్ఫేర్ అసోసియేషన్)Landmark
Unit 2 · 2000 (తీర్పు 2000 ఆగస్టు 30న)
Free Legal Aid Cell Shri Sugan Chand Aggarwal v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi
Unit 2 · 2001 (decided 23 July 2001)
Free Legal Aid Cell Shri Sugan Chand Aggarwal v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi (ఫ్రీ లీగల్ ఎయిడ్ సెల్ v. NCT ఆఫ్ ఢిల్లీ ప్రభుత్వం)
Unit 2 · 2001 (తీర్పు 2001 జులై 23న)
Moulana Mufti Syed Md. Noorur Rehman Barkati v. State of West Bengal
Unit 2 · 1998 (decided 4 March 1998)
Moulana Mufti Syed Md. Noorur Rehman Barkati v. State of West Bengal (మౌలానా ముఫ్తీ సయ్యద్ మహ్మద్ నూరుర్ రహమాన్ బర్కతీ v. వెస్ట్ బెంగాల్ రాష్ట్రం)
Unit 2 · 1998 (తీర్పు 1998 మార్చి 4న)
Rabin Mukherjee v. State of West Bengal
Unit 2 · 1985 (decided 5 March 1985)
Rabin Mukherjee v. State of West Bengal (రబిన్ ముఖర్జీ v. వెస్ట్ బెంగాల్ రాష్ట్రం)
Unit 2 · 1985 (తీర్పు 1985 మార్చి 5న)
Yashwant Trimbak Oke v. State of Maharashtra
Unit 2 · 1995
Yashwant Trimbak Oke v. State of Maharashtra (యశ్వంత్ త్రింబక్ ఓకే v. మహారాష్ట్ర రాష్ట్రం)
Unit 2 · 1995
T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of IndiaLandmark
Unit 3 · 1995 (petition filed); 1996 (founding order, 12 December); proceedings still open as of September 2026
T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India (T.N. గోదావర్మన్ తిరుముల్పాద్ v. యూనియన్ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా)Landmark
Unit 3 · 1995 (పిటిషన్ దాఖలు); 1996 (మూల ఆదేశం, 12 డిసెంబర్); 2026 సెప్టెంబర్ నాటికి కూడా విచారణ కొనసాగుతోంది
Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of IndiaLandmark
Unit 4 · 1996 (decided 13 February 1996)
Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India (ఇండియన్ కౌన్సిల్ ఫర్ ఎన్విరో-లీగల్ యాక్షన్ v. యూనియన్ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా)Landmark
Unit 4 · 1996 (తీర్పు 1996 ఫిబ్రవరి 13న)
Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P.Landmark
Unit 4 · 1985 (decided 12 March 1985)
Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P. (రూరల్ లిటిగేషన్ అండ్ ఎంటైటిల్మెంట్ కేంద్ర v. స్టేట్ ఆఫ్ U.P.)Landmark
Unit 4 · 1985 (తీర్పు 1985 మార్చి 12న)
A.P. Pollution Control Board v. Prof. M.V. NayuduLandmark
Unit 4 · 1999 (decided 27 January 1999)
A.P. Pollution Control Board v. Prof. M.V. Nayudu (A.P. పొల్యూషన్ కంట్రోల్ బోర్డ్ v. ప్రొఫెసర్ M.V. నాయుడు)Landmark
Unit 4 · 1999 (తీర్పు 1999 జనవరి 27న)
Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of IndiaLandmark
Unit 4 · 1996 (decided 28 August 1996)
Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India (వెల్లూరు సిటిజెన్స్ వెల్ఫేర్ ఫోరమ్ v. యూనియన్ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా)Landmark
Unit 4 · 1996 (తీర్పు 1996 ఆగస్టు 28న)
M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case)Landmark
Unit 4 · 1987/1988 (decided 22 September 1987)
M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case) (ఎం.సి. మెహతా v. యూనియన్ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా — గంగా కాలుష్య కేసు)Landmark
Unit 4 · 1987/1988 (తీర్పు 1987 సెప్టెంబర్ 22న)
Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of IndiaLandmark
Unit 4 · 1980 (decided 31 July 1980)
Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India (మినర్వా మిల్స్ లిమిటెడ్ v. యూనియన్ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా)Landmark
Unit 4 · 1980 (తీర్పు 1980 జులై 31న)
Subhash Kumar v. State of BiharLandmark
Unit 4 · 1991 (decided 9 January 1991)
Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar (సుభాష్ కుమార్ v. బీహార్ రాష్ట్రం)Landmark
Unit 4 · 1991 (తీర్పు 1991 జనవరి 9న)
Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of IndiaLandmark
Unit 4 · 2000 (decided 18 October 2000)
Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India (నర్మదా బచావో ఆందోళన్ v. యూనియన్ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా)Landmark
Unit 4 · 2000 (తీర్పు 2000 అక్టోబర్ 18న)
Trail Smelter Arbitration (United States v. Canada)Landmark
Unit 5 · 1938 and 1941 (interim decision 16 April 1938; final award 11 March 1941)
Trail Smelter Arbitration (United States v. Canada) (ట్రెయిల్ స్మెల్టర్ మధ్యవర్తిత్వం — United States v. Canada)Landmark
Unit 5 · 1938, 1941 (మధ్యంతర నిర్ణయం 1938 ఏప్రిల్ 16; తుది అవార్డు 1941 మార్చి 11)
1. Environment, Ecology & Ecosystem — MCQs
Unit 1 · 8 questions
2. Biosphere & Biomes — MCQs
Unit 1 · 8 questions
3. Biodiversity & Conservation — MCQs
Unit 1 · 8 questions
4. Ozone Depletion, Global Warming & Climate Change — MCQs
Unit 1 · 8 questions
5. Need for Preservation & Ancient Indian Approach — MCQs
Unit 1 · 8 questions
6. Environmental Degradation & Pollution — MCQs
Unit 1 · 8 questions
1. Trespass as a Remedy Against Environmental Pollution — MCQs
Unit 2 · 8 questions
2. Negligence as a Remedy Against Environmental Pollution — MCQs
Unit 2 · 8 questions
3. Strict and Absolute Liability — MCQs
Unit 2 · 8 questions
4. Relevant Provisions under IPC, CrPC and CPC for Environmental Pollution — MCQs
Unit 2 · 8 questions
5. Remedies under the Specific Relief Act, 1963 — MCQs
Unit 2 · 8 questions
1. Law of Forest Conservation | Protecting India's Forests from Diversion and Destruction — MCQs
Unit 3 · 8 questions
2. Wildlife Protection Law | Safeguarding India's Wild Animals and Endangered Species — MCQs
Unit 3 · 8 questions
3. Water Pollution Law | Preventing and Controlling the Pollution of Water Bodies — MCQs
Unit 3 · 8 questions
4. Air Pollution Law | Preventing and Controlling Air Pollution in India — MCQs
Unit 3 · 8 questions
5. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 | India's Umbrella Environmental Law — MCQs
Unit 3 · 8 questions
6. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 | Protecting and Sharing India's Biological Wealth — MCQs
Unit 3 · 8 questions
7. Hazardous Waste Management Law | Rules on Handling and Cross-Border Movement of Hazardous Waste — MCQs
Unit 3 · 8 questions
8. Environmental Pollution Control Mechanism | Authorities, Powers and the National Green Tribunal — MCQs
Unit 3 · 8 questions
1. Article 48A and Article 51A(g) of the Constitution of India | Environment in the Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties — MCQs
Unit 4 · 8 questions
2. Article 31(C) of the Constitution of India | Constitutional Protection for Laws Implementing Environmental Directive Principles — MCQs
Unit 4 · 8 questions
3. Legislative Powers of the Centre and State Government over Environment | Article 246, the Seventh Schedule and Article 253 — MCQs
Unit 4 · 8 questions
4. Writ Jurisdiction and Environmental Protection | Articles 32 and 226, Public Interest Litigation and Continuing Mandamus — MCQs
Unit 4 · 8 questions
5. Role of the Indian Judiciary in the Evolution of Environmental Jurisprudence — MCQs
Unit 4 · 8 questions
6. Purpose and Advantages of Green Belt Development — MCQs
Unit 4 · 8 questions
1. Transboundary Pollution | When Pollution Crosses an International Border — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
2. State Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm | When Does a Country Become Legally Responsible? — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
3. Liability of Multinational Corporations and Companies | When the Polluter Is a Private Company, Not a State — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
4. Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, 1972 | The Founding Moment of International Environmental Law — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
5. Role of UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) | The Institution Behind the International Regime — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
6. Ramsar Convention, 1971 | Protecting the World's Wetlands — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
7. Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species, 1979 | Protecting Animals That Cross Borders by Nature — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
8. Nairobi Declaration, 1982 | The Ten-Year Review That Led to "Sustainable Development" — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
9. Convention on Biological Diversity | The Rio Earth Summit, 1992 — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
10. Kyoto Protocol, 1997 | The First Binding Climate Treaty — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
11. Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development, 2002 | The "Rio+10" Reality Check — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
12. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992 | The Parent Treaty Behind Kyoto and Paris — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
13. COP21 and the Paris Agreement, 2016 | A New, Universal Approach to Climate Change — MCQs
Unit 5 · 6 questions
The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 — Bare Act Sections for Environmental Law, Unit II
Unit 2 · Act No. 5 of 1908
The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
Unit 2 · Act No. 2 of 1974
The Indian Penal Code, 1860
Unit 2 · Act No. 45 of 1860
The Specific Relief Act, 1963 — Bare Act Sections for Environmental Law, Unit II
Unit 2 · Act No. 47 of 1963
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
Unit 3 · Act No. 14 of 1981
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 — Bare Act Sections for Environmental Law, Unit III
Unit 3 · Act No. 29 of 1986
The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
Unit 3 · Act No. 19 of 2010
The Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980 (formerly the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980)
Unit 3 · Act No. 69 of 1980 (as renamed and amended by Act No. 15 of 2023)
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
Unit 3 · Act No. 6 of 1974
The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
Unit 3 · Act No. 53 of 1972 (as amended by Act No. 18 of 2022)
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