The Constitution of India

As on 1st May, 2026 · Full text with footnotes, Schedules and Appendices.

Preamble

Preamble

• Pre.Preamble

Part I — The Union and Its Territory

Articles 1–4

• 1Name and territory of the Union.
• 2Admission or establishment of new States.
• 2ASikkim to be associated with the Union. [Omitted or repealed]
• 3Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
• 4Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.

Part II — Citizenship

Articles 5–11

• 5Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
• 6Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
• 7Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
• 8Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
• 9Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.
• 10Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
• 11Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

Part III — Fundamental Rights

Articles 12–35

• General
• 12Definition.
• 13Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
• Right to Equality
• 14Equality before law.
• 15Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
• 16Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
• 17Abolition of Untouchability.
• 18Abolition of titles.
• Right to Freedom
• 19Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
• 20Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
• 21Protection of life and personal liberty.
• 21ARight to education.
• 22Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
• Right against Exploitation
• 23Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
• 24Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
• Right to Freedom of Religion
• 25Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
• 26Freedom to manage religious affairs.
• 27Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
• 28Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.
• Cultural and Educational Rights
• 29Protection of interests of minorities.
• 30Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
• 31Compulsory acquisition of property [Omitted or repealed]
• Saving of Certain Laws
• 31ASaving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
• 31BValidation of certain Acts and Regulations.
• 31CSaving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.
• 31DSaving of laws in respect of anti-national activities [Omitted or repealed]
• Right to Constitutional Remedies
• 32Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
• 32AConstitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32. [Omitted or repealed]
• 33Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
• 34Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
• 35Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.

Part IV — Directive Principles of State Policy

Articles 36–51

• 36Definition.
• 37Application of the principles contained in this Part.
• 38State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
• 39Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
• 39AEqual justice and free legal aid.
• 40Organisation of village panchayats.
• 41Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
• 42Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
• 43Living wage, etc., for workers.
• 43AParticipation of workers in management of industries.
• 43BPromotion of co-operative societies.
• 44Uniform civil code for the citizens.
• 45Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.
• 46Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
• 47Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
• 48Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
• 48AProtection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.
• 49Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.
• 50Separation of judiciary from executive.
• 51Promotion of international peace and security.

Part IVA — Fundamental Duties

Articles 51A

• 51AFundamental duties.

Part V — The Union

Articles 52–151

• Chapter I.—The Executive
• The President and Vice-President
• 52The President of India.
• 53Executive power of the Union.
• 54Election of President.
• 55Manner of election of President.
• 56Term of office of President.
• 57Eligibility for re-election.
• 58Qualifications for election as President.
• 59Conditions of President's office.
• 60Oath or affirmation by the President.
• 61Procedure for impeachment of the President.
• 62Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
• 63The Vice-President of India.
• 64The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.
• 65The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.
• 66Election of Vice-President.
• 67Term of office of Vice-President.
• 68Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice- President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
• 69Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.
• 70Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies.
• 71Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.
• 72Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
• 73Extent of executive power of the Union.
• Council of Ministers
• 74Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.
• 75Other provisions as to Ministers.
• The Attorney-General for India
• 76Attorney-General for India.
• Conduct of Government Business
• 77Conduct of business of the Government of India.
• 78Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
• Chapter II.—Parliament
• General
• 79Constitution of Parliament.
• 80Composition of the Council of States.
• 81Composition of the House of the People.
• 82Readjustment after each census.
• 83Duration of Houses of Parliament.
• 84Qualification for membership of Parliament.
• 85Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
• 86Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.
• 87Special address by the President.
• 88Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.
• Officers of Parliament
• 89The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
• 90Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.
• 91Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
• 92The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
• 93The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.
• 94Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
• 95Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
• 96The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
• 97Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
• 98Secretariat of Parliament.
• Conduct of Business
• 99Oath or affirmation by members.
• 100Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
• Disqualifications of Members
• 101Vacation of seats.
• 102Disqualifications for membership.
• 103Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.
• 104Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified.
• Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members
• 105Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.
• 106Salaries and allowances of members.
• Legislative Procedure
• 107Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
• 108Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases.
• 109Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
• 110Definition of “Money Bills”.
• 111Assent to Bills.
• Procedure in Financial Matters
• 112Annual financial statement.
• 113Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.
• 114Appropriation Bills.
• 115Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
• 116Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
• 117Special provisions as to financial Bills.
• Procedure Generally
• 118Rules of procedure.
• 119Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.
• 120Language to be used in Parliament.
• 121Restriction on discussion in Parliament.
• 122Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
• Chapter III.—Legislative Powers of the President
• 123Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.
• Chapter IV.—The Union Judiciary
• 124Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.
• 124ANational Judicial Appointments Commission.
• 124BFunctions of Commission.
• 124CPower of Parliament to make law.
• 125Salaries, etc., of Judges.
• 126Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
• 127Appointment of ad hoc Judges.
• 128Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
• 129Supreme Court to be a court of record.
• 130Seat of Supreme Court.
• 131Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
• 131AExclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to questions as to constitutional validity of Central laws. [Omitted or repealed]
• 132Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.
• 133Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters.
• 134Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
• 134ACertificate for appeal to the Supreme Court.
• 135Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.
• 136Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.
• 137Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
• 138Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
• 139Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.
• 139ATransfer of certain cases.
• 140Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court.
• 141Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
• 142Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
• 143Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court.
• 144Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.
• 144ASpecial provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of laws. [Omitted or repealed]
• 145Rules of Court, etc.
• 146Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.
• 147Interpretation.
• Chapter V.—Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
• 148Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
• 149Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.
• 150Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.
• 151Audit reports.

Part VI — The States

Articles 152–237

• Chapter I.—General
• 152Definition.
• Chapter II.—The Executive
• The Governor
• 153Governors of States.
• 154Executive power of State.
• 155Appointment of Governor.
• 156Term of office of Governor.
• 157Qualifications for appointment as Governor.
• 158Conditions of Governor's office.
• 159Oath or affirmation by the Governor.
• 160Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.
• 161Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
• 162Extent of executive power of State.
• Council of Ministers
• 163Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor.
• 164Other provisions as to Ministers.
• The Advocate-General for the State
• 165Advocate-General for the State.
• Conduct of Government Business
• 166Conduct of Business of the Government of a State.
• 167Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
• Chapter III.—The State Legislature
• General
• 168Constitution of Legislatures in States.
• 169Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.
• 170Composition of the Legislative Assemblies.
• 171Composition of the Legislative Councils.
• 172Duration of State Legislatures.
• 173Qualification for membership of the State Legislature.
• 174Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.
• 175Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses.
• 176Special address by the Governor.
• 177Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses.
• Officers of the State Legislature
• 178The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.
• 179Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
• 180Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
• 181The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
• 182The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.
• 183Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
• 184Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
• 185The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
• 186Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
• 187Secretariat of State Legislature.
• Conduct of Business
• 188Oath or affirmation by members.
• 189Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
• Disqualifications of Members
• 190Vacation of seats.
• 191Disqualifications for membership.
• 192Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.
• 193Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified.
• Powers, Privileges and Immunities of State Legislatures and their Members
• 194Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof.
• 195Salaries and allowances of members.
• Legislative Procedure
• 196Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
• 197Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.
• 198Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
• 199Definition of “Money Bills”.
• 200Assent to Bills.
• 201Bills reserved for consideration.
• Procedure in Financial Matters
• 202Annual financial statement.
• 203Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates.
• 204Appropriation Bills.
• 205Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
• 206Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
• 207Special provisions as to financial Bills.
• Procedure Generally
• 208Rules of procedure.
• 209Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business.
• 210Language to be used in the Legislature.
• 211Restriction on discussion in the Legislature.
• 212Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature.
• Chapter IV.—Legislative Power of the Governor
• 213Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
• Chapter V.—The High Courts in the States
• 214High Courts for States.
• 215High Courts to be courts of record.
• 216Constitution of High Courts.
• 217Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.
• 218Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.
• 219Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts.
• 220Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge.
• 221Salaries, etc., of Judges.
• 222Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another.
• 223Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
• 224Appointment of additional and acting Judges.
• 224AAppointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.
• 225Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.
• 226Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
• 226AConstitutional validity of Central laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 226. [Omitted or repealed]
• 227Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court.
• 228Transfer of certain cases to High Court.
• 228ASpecial provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of State laws. [Omitted or repealed]
• 229Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts.
• 230Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.
• 231Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.
• 232Interpretation.
• Chapter VI.—Subordinate Courts
• 233Appointment of district judges.
• 233AValidation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges.
• 234Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service.
• 235Control over subordinate courts.
• 236Interpretation.
• 237Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.

Part VII — The States in Part B of the First Schedule

Articles 238 · Omitted or repealed

• 238Omitted [Omitted or repealed]

Part VIII — The Union Territories

Articles 239–242

• 239Administration of Union territories.
• 239ACreation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.
• 239AASpecial provisions with respect to Delhi.
• 239ABProvision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.
• 239BPower of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
• 240Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories.
• 241High Courts for Union territories.
• 242Coorg [Omitted or repealed]

Part IX — The Panchayats

Articles 243–243O

• 243Definitions.
• 243AGram Sabha.
• 243BConstitution of Panchayats.
• 243CComposition of Panchayats.
• 243DReservation of seats.
• 243EDuration of Panchayats, etc.
• 243FDisqualifications for membership.
• 243GPowers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
• 243HPowers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.
• 243IConstitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.
• 243JAudit of accounts of Panchayats.
• 243KElections to the Panchayats.
• 243LApplication to Union territories.
• 243MPart not to apply to certain areas.
• 243NContinuance of existing laws and Panchayats.
• 243OBar to interference by courts in electoral matters.

Part IXA — The Municipalities

Articles 243P–243ZG

• 243PDefinitions.
• 243QConstitution of Municipalities.
• 243RComposition of Municipalities.
• 243SConstitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.
• 243TReservation of seats.
• 243UDuration of Municipalities, etc.
• 243VDisqualifications for membership.
• 243WPowers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
• 243XPower to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities.
• 243YFinance Commission.
• 243ZAudit of accounts of Municipalities.
• 243ZAElections to the Municipalities.
• 243ZBApplication to Union territories.
• 243ZCPart not to apply to certain areas.
• 243ZDCommittee for district planning.
• 243ZECommittee for Metropolitan planning.
• 243ZFContinuance of existing laws and Municipalities.
• 243ZGBar to interference by courts in electoral matters.

Part IXB — The Co-Operative Societies

Articles 243ZH–243ZT

• 243ZHDefinitions.
• 243ZJNumber and term of members of board and its office bearers.
• 243ZKElection of members of board.
• 243ZLSupersession and suspension of board and interim management.
• 243ZMAudit of accounts of co-operative societies.
• 243ZNConvening of general body meetings.
• 243ZORight of a member to get information.
• 243ZPReturns.
• 243ZQOffences and penalties.
• 243ZRApplication to multi-State co-operative societies.
• 243ZSApplication to Union territories.
• 243ZTContinuance of existing laws.

Part X — The Scheduled and Tribal Areas

Articles 244–244A

• 244Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
• 244AFormation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.

Part XI — Relations Between the Union and the States

Articles 245–263

• Chapter I.—Legislative Relations
• Distributionof Legislative Powers
• 245Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
• 246Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
• 246ASpecial provision with respect to goods and services tax.
• 247Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.
• 248Residuary powers of legislation.
• 249Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest.
• 250Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
• 251Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
• 252Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State.
• 253Legislation for giving effect to international agreements.
• 254Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
• 255Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only.
• Chapter II.—Administrative Relations
• General
• 256Obligation of States and the Union.
• 257Control of the Union over States in certain cases.
• 257AAssistance to States by deployment of armed forces or other forces of the Union. [Omitted or repealed]
• 258Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases.
• 258APower of the States to entrust functions to the Union.
• 259Armed Forces in States in Part B of the First Schedule. [Omitted or repealed]
• 260Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India.
• 261Public acts, records and judicial proceedings.
• Disputes relating to Waters
• 262Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys.
• Co-ordination between States
• 263Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council.

Part XII — Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits

Articles 264–300A

• Chapter I.—Finance
• General
• 264Interpretation.
• 265Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.
• 266Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
• 267Contingency Fund.
• Distribution of Revenues between the Union and the States
• 268Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States.
• 268AService tax levied by Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and the States. [Omitted or repealed]
• 269Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States.
• 269ALevy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-State trade or commerce.
• 270Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.
• 271Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.
• 272Taxes which are levied and collected by the Union and may be distributed between the Union and the States. [Omitted or repealed]
• 273Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products.
• 274Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested.
• 275Grants from the Union to certain States.
• 276Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.
• 277Savings.
• 278Agreement with States in Part B of the First Schedule with regard to certain financial matters. [Omitted or repealed]
• 279Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc.
• 279AGoods and Services Tax Council.
• 280Finance Commission.
• 281Recommendations of the Finance Commission.
• Miscellaneous Financial Provisions
• 282Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues.
• 283Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts.
• 284Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts.
• 285Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation.
• 286Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.
• 287Exemption from taxes on electricity.
• 288Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.
• 289Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation.
• 290Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions.
• 290AAnnual payment to certain Devaswom Funds.
• 291Privy purse sums of Rulers [Omitted or repealed]
• Chapter II.—Borrowing
• 292Borrowing by the Government of India.
• 293Borrowing by States.
• Chapter III.—Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits
• 294Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.
• 295Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases.
• 296Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia.
• 297Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union.
• 298Power to carry on trade, etc.
• 299Contracts.
• 300Suits and proceedings.
• Chapter IV.—Right to Property
• 300APersons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.

Part XIII — Trade, Commerce and Intercourse Within the Territory of India

Articles 301–307

• 301Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.
• 302Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.
• 303Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.
• 304Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States.
• 305Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.
• 306Power of certain States in Part B of the First Schedule to impose restrictions on trade and commerce. [Omitted or repealed]
• 307Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.

Part XIV — Services Under the Union and the States

Articles 308–323

• Chapter I.—Services
• 308Interpretation.
• 309Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.
• 310Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State.
• 311Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.
• 312All-India services.
• 312APower of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services.
• 313Transitional provisions.
• 314Provision for protection of existing officers of certain services [Omitted or repealed]
• Chapter II.—Public Service Commissions
• 315Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.
• 316Appointment and term of office of members.
• 317Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission.
• 318Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.
• 319Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members.
• 320Functions of Public Service Commissions.
• 321Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions.
• 322Expenses of Public Service Commissions.
• 323Reports of Public Service Commissions.

Part XIVA — Tribunals

Articles 323A–323B

• 323AAdministrative tribunals.
• 323BTribunals for other matters.

Part XV — Elections

Articles 324–329A

• 324Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
• 325No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
• 326Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.
• 327Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.
• 328Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.
• 329Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
• 329ASpecial provision as to elections to Parliament in the case of Prime Minister and Speaker. [Omitted or repealed]

Part XVI — Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes

Articles 330–342A

• 330Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
• 330AReservation of seats for women in the House of the People.
• 331Representation of the Anglo-Indian Community in the House of the People.
• 332Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
• 332AReservation of seats for women in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
• 333Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
• 334Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period].
• 334AReservation of seats for women take effect.
• 335Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.
• 336Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services.
• 337Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community.
• 338National Commission for Scheduled Castes].
• 338ANational Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
• 338BNational Commission for Backward Classes.
• 339Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
• 340Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.
• 341Scheduled Castes.
• 342Scheduled Tribes.
• 342ASocially and educationally backward classes.

Part XVII — Official Language

Articles 343–351

• Chapter I.—Language of the Union
• 343Official language of the Union.
• 344Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language.
• Chapter II.—Regional Languages
• 345Official language or languages of a State.
• 346Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union.
• 347Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State.
• Chapter III.—Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts, Etc.
• 348Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.
• 349Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.
• Chapter IV.—Special Directives
• 350Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances.
• 350AFacilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.
• 350BSpecial Officer for linguistic minorities.
• 351Directive for development of the Hindi language.

Part XVIII — Emergency Provisions

Articles 352–360

• 352Proclamation of Emergency.
• 353Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.
• 354Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
• 355Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.
• 356Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States.
• 357Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356.
• 358Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies.
• 359Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies.
• 359AApplication of this Part to the State of Punjab [Omitted or repealed]
• 360Provisions as to financial emergency.

Part XIX — Miscellaneous

Articles 361–367

• 361Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs.
• 361AProtection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.
• 361BDisqualification for appointment on remunerative political post.
• 362Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian States [Omitted or repealed]
• 363Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
• 363ARecognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.
• 364Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.
• 365Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union.
• 366Definitions.
• 367Interpretation.

Part XX — Amendment of the Constitution

Articles 368

• 368Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor].

Part XXI — Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions

Articles 369–392

• 369Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List.
• 370Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
• 371Special provision with respect to the States of *** Maharashtra and Gujarat.
• 371ASpecial provision with respect to the State of Nagaland.
• 371BSpecial provision with respect to the State of Assam.
• 371CSpecial provision with respect to the State of Manipur.
• 371DSpecial provisions with respect to [the State of Andhra Pradesh or the State of Telangana].
• 371EEstablishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh.
• 371FSpecial provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim.
• 371GSpecial provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.
• 371HSpecial provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.
• 371-ISpecial provision with respect to the State of Goa.
• 371JSpecial provisions with respect to State of Karnataka.
• 372Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation.
• 372APower of the President to adapt laws.
• 373Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases.
• 374Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council.
• 375Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution.
• 376Provisions as to Judges of High Courts.
• 377Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
• 378Provisions as to Public Service Commissions.
• 378ASpecial provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
• 379Provisions as to provisional Parliament and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof. [Omitted or repealed]
• 380Provision as to President [Omitted or repealed]
• 381Council of Ministers of the President [Omitted or repealed]
• 382Provisions as to provisional Legislatures for States in Part A of the First Schedule. [Omitted or repealed]
• 383Provision as to Governors of Provinces [Omitted or repealed]
• 384Council of Ministers of the Governors [Omitted or repealed]
• 385Provision as to provisional Legislatures in States in Part B of the First Schedule. [Omitted or repealed]
• 386Council of Ministers for States in Part B of the First Schedule [Omitted or repealed]
• 387Special provision as to determination of population for the purposes of certain elections. [Omitted or repealed]
• 388Provisions as to the filling of casual vacancies in the provisional Parliament and provisional Legislatures of the States. [Omitted or repealed]
• 389Provision as to Bills pending in the Dominion Legislatures and in the Legislatures of Provinces and Indian States. [Omitted or repealed]
• 390Money received or raised or expenditure incurred between the commencement of the Constitution and the 31st day of March, 1950. [Omitted or repealed]
• 391Power of the President to amend the First and Fourth Schedules in certain contingencies. [Omitted or repealed]
• 392Power of the President to remove difficulties.

Part XXII — Short Title, Commencement, [authoritative Text in Hindi] and Repeals

Articles 393–395

• 393Short title.
• 394Commencement.
• 394AAuthoritative text in the Hindi language.
• 395Repeals.

The Schedules

The Schedules

• Sch.The First Schedule
• Sch.The Second Schedule
• Sch.Forms of Oaths or Affirmations
• Sch.Allocation of seats in the Council of States
• Sch.Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
• Sch.Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram
• Sch.The Seventh Schedule
• Sch.Languages
• Sch.Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
• Sch.Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection
• Sch.Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
• Sch.Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.

Appendices

Appendices

• App.The Constitution (One Hundredth Amendment) Act, 2015
• App.The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019
• App.Declaration under article 370(3) of the Constitution

Source: The Constitution of India, as on 1st May, 2026, Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India (pocket edition, up to the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023), with the official footnotes. Part VII is omitted and is listed with the official note. Footnote markers whose footnote text is missing in the source PDF are not shown.