Bare Act · Indian Contract Act, 1872 · Chapter X

Chapter X · Sections

182 · “Agent” and “principal” defined. 183 · Who may employ agent. 184 · Who may be an agent. 185 · Consideration not necessary. 186 · Agent’s authority may be expressed... 187 · Definitions of express and implied... 188 · Extent of agent’s authority. 189 · Agent’s authority in an emergency. 190 · When agent cannot delegate. 191 · “Sub-agent” defined. 192 · Representation of principal by... 193 · Agent’s responsibility for... 194 · Relation between principal and... 195 · Agent’s duty in naming such... 196 · Right of person as to acts done... 197 · Ratification may be expressed or... 198 · Knowledge requisite for valid... 199 · Effect of ratifying unauthorized... 200 · Ratification of unauthorized act... 201 · Termination of agency. 202 · Termination of agency, where agent... 203 · When principal may revoke agent’s... 204 · Revocation where authority has... 205 · Compensation for revocation by... 206 · Notice of revocation or... 207 · Revocation and renunciation may be... 208 · When termination of agent’s... 209 · Agent’s duty on termination of... 210 · Termination of sub-agent’s... 211 · Agent’s duty in conducting... 212 · Skill and diligence required from... 213 · Agent’s accounts. 214 · Agent’s duty to communicate with... 215 · Right of principal when agent... 216 · Principal’s right to benefit... 217 · Agent’s right of retainer out of... 218 · Agent’s duty to pay sums received... 219 · When agent’s remuneration becomes... 220 · Agent not entitled to remuneration... 221 · Agent’s lien on principal’s... 222 · Agent to be indemnified against... 223 · Agent to be indemnified against... 224 · Non-liability of employer of agent... 225 · Compensation to agent for injury... 226 · Enforcement and consequences of... 227 · Principal how far bound, when... 228 · Principal not bound when excess of... 229 · Consequences of notice given to... 230 · Agent cannot personally enforce,... 231 · Rights of parties to a contract... 232 · Performance of contract with agent... 233 · Right of person dealing with agent... 234 · Consequence of inducing agent or... 235 · Liability of pretended agent. 236 · Person falsely contracting as... 237 · Liability of principal inducing... 238 · Effect, on agreement, of...

200

Ratification of unauthorized act cannot injure third person.

An act done by one person on behalf of another, without such other person’s authority, which, if done with authority, would have the effect of subjecting a third person to damages, or of terminating any right or interest of a third person, cannot, by ratification, be made to have such effect.

Illustrations

(a)A, not being authorized thereto by B, demands, on behalf of B, the delivery of a chattel, the property of B, from C, who is in possession of it. This demand cannot be ratified by B, so as to make C liable for damages for his refusal to deliver.

(b)A holds a lease from B, terminable on three months’ notice. C, an unauthorized person, gives notice of termination to A. The notice cannot be ratified by B, so as to be binding on A.

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