Chapter X — Of Agency

Indian Contract Act, 1872 · Sections 182–238

• Appointment and authority of agents
• 182“Agent” and “principal” defined.
• 183Who may employ agent.
• 184Who may be an agent.
• 185Consideration not necessary.
• 186Agent’s authority may be expressed or implied.
• 187Definitions of express and implied authority.
• 188Extent of agent’s authority.
• 189Agent’s authority in an emergency.
• Sub-Agents
• 190When agent cannot delegate.
• 191“Sub-agent” defined.
• 192Representation of principal by sub-agent properly appointed.
• 193Agent’s responsibility for sub-agent appointed without authority.
• 194Relation between principal and person duly appointed by agent to act in business of agency.
• 195Agent’s duty in naming such person.
• Ratification
• 196Right of person as to acts done for him without his authority. Effect of ratification.
• 197Ratification may be expressed or implied.
• 198Knowledge requisite for valid ratification.
• 199Effect of ratifying unauthorized act forming part of a transaction.
• 200Ratification of unauthorized act cannot injure third person.
• Revocation of Authority
• 201Termination of agency.
• 202Termination of agency, where agent has an interest in subject-matter.
• 203When principal may revoke agent’s authority.
• 204Revocation where authority has been partly exercised.
• 205Compensation for revocation by principal, or renunciation by agent.
• 206Notice of revocation or renunciation.
• 207Revocation and renunciation may be expressed or implied.
• 208When termination of agent’s authority takes effect as to agent, and as to third persons.
• 209Agent’s duty on termination of agency by principal’s death or insanity.
• 210Termination of sub-agent’s authority.
• Agent’s duty to principal
• 211Agent’s duty in conducting principal’s business.
• 212Skill and diligence required from agent.
• 213Agent’s accounts.
• 214Agent’s duty to communicate with principal.
• 215Right of principal when agent deals, on his own account, in business of agency without principal’s consent.
• 216Principal’s right to benefit gained by agent dealing on his own account in business of agency.
• 217Agent’s right of retainer out of sums received on principal’s account.
• 218Agent’s duty to pay sums received for principal.
• 219When agent’s remuneration becomes due.
• 220Agent not entitled to remuneration for business misconducted.
• 221Agent’s lien on principal’s property.
• Principal’s duty to agent
• 222Agent to be indemnified against consequences of lawful acts.
• 223Agent to be indemnified against consequences of acts done in good faith.
• 224Non-liability of employer of agent to do a criminal act.
• 225Compensation to agent for injury caused by principal’s neglect.
• Effect of agency on contracts with third persons
• 226Enforcement and consequences of agent’s contracts.
• 227Principal how far bound, when agent exceeds authority.
• 228Principal not bound when excess of agent’s authority is not separable.
• 229Consequences of notice given to agent.
• 230Agent cannot personally enforce, nor be bound by, contracts on behalf of principal.
• 231Rights of parties to a contract made by agent not disclosed.
• 232Performance of contract with agent supposed to be principal.
• 233Right of person dealing with agent personally liable.
• 234Consequence of inducing agent or principal to act on belief that principal or agent will be held exclusively liable.
• 235Liability of pretended agent.
• 236Person falsely contracting as agent not entitled to performance.
• 237Liability of principal inducing belief that agent’s unauthorized acts were authorized.
• 238Effect, on agreement, of misrepresentation of fraud, by agent.

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