Important Questions — Constitutional Law-I, Unit III

Sourced from actual OU question papers (September/October 2017, March/April 2018, February 2026), cross-checked against the official Unit syllabus — every question here is answerable entirely from what's already published on this site.

Part A — Short Answer

1. Right to Equality.
   Right to Equality — Article 14
2. Equal protection of law.
   Right to Equality — Article 14
3. Right to Education.
   Right to Education — Article 21A
4. Right to Speedy Trial. (a judicially-read derivative right under Article 21)
   Right to Life and Personal Liberty — Article 21
5. Explain the safeguards to be followed under Preventive Detention Laws.
   Protection against Arrest and Detention — Article 22

Part B — Long Answer

1. Discuss the Right to Education in the light of Article 21(A) of the Indian Constitution with practical implications. (See Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka (1992), Unni Krishnan, J.P. v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1993), Society for Un-aided Private Schools of Rajasthan v. Union of India (2012), and Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust v. Union of India (2014))
   Right to Education — Article 21A
2. Explain the scope of freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a). What are the reasonable restrictions imposed under Article 19(2)? (See Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras (1950), Kedar Nath Singh v. State of Bihar (1962), and Chintaman Rao v. State of Madhya Pradesh (1950))
   Freedom of Speech and Other Freedoms — Article 19
3. Discuss the constitutional rights available to the accused under Article 20 of the Indian Constitution. (See Rattan Lal v. State of Punjab (1965), Maqbool Hussain v. State of Bombay (1953), and State of Bombay v. Kathi Kalu Oghad (1961))
   Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences — Article 20

Part C — Problem / Case-Study Questions

1. A Hindu challenged the permission granted to a Muslim under Islamic law to marry more than one wife, on the ground that it violates the Right to Equality. Decide, with reference to relevant case law. (See Ram Krishna Dalmia v. Justice S.R. Tendolkar and State of West Bengal v. Anwar Ali Sarkar)
   Right to Equality — Article 14
2. A university student found a number of visitors smoking on the university premises. On what constitutional grounds can he seek prohibition of smoking on campus? Explain.
   Right to Life and Personal Liberty — Article 21
3. Women petitioners challenged a service regulation requiring them to retire if they married within 5 years of service, or on their first pregnancy, contending it is discriminatory and violates Articles 14, 15 and 16. Decide. (See Anuj Garg v. Hotel Association of India)
   Right to Equality — Article 14Prohibition of Discrimination — Article 15Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment — Article 16
4. A foreign student was arrested for possession of drugs and was not produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of his arrest. Advise him as to the Fundamental Rights available to him. (See D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) and Joginder Kumar v. State of U.P. (1994))
   Protection against Arrest and Detention — Article 22
5. The police granted an NGO permission to hold public meetings throughout the night. A group of citizens allege this violates their Right to Sleep and seek a constitutional remedy. Suggest what remedies are available.
   Right to Life and Personal Liberty — Article 21Freedom of Speech and Other Freedoms — Article 19