Classification — MCQs

All questions with answers and explanations

Read the full set here, or use the practice card above to test yourself one question at a time.

1. The three-fold classification of Directive Principles into socialistic, Gandhian and liberal-intellectual groups is:

   • A teaching tool, because the Constitution does not use these names (correct answer)
   • Printed in Article 36
   • Printed in Article 37
   • Ordered by the Supreme Court in Champakam

   Explanation. Textbooks sort Articles 38 to 51 into three groups. The Constitution does not use these names, and books differ on a few Articles, such as Article 47.

2. Which two clauses of Article 39 later became central to the Article 31C controversy?

   • 39(a) and 39(d)
   • 39(b) and 39(c) (correct answer)
   • 39(e) and 39(f)
   • 39(a) and 39(f)

   Explanation. Article 39(b) (distribution of material resources for the common good) and 39(c) (avoiding concentration of wealth) became the pivot of the Article 31C debate.

3. Article 40, directing the State to organise village panchayats, is regarded as reflecting which philosophy?

   • Socialistic
   • Gandhian (correct answer)
   • Liberal-Intellectual
   • None of the above

   Explanation. Article 40 reflects Gandhian ideals of decentralised, village-level self-government, and is the constitutional seed of the 73rd Amendment.

4. Which Article directs the State to endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code?

   • Article 44 (correct answer)
   • Article 46
   • Article 48
   • Article 51

   Explanation. Article 44 directs the State to endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code for citizens throughout India, and is classified as Liberal-Intellectual.

5. Article 43A, which directs the State to secure workers' participation in the management of industries, was inserted by which amendment?

   • 24th Amendment
   • 42nd Amendment (correct answer)
   • 44th Amendment
   • 86th Amendment

   Explanation. Article 43A was inserted by the 42nd Amendment, 1976, along with several other Directive Principles such as Article 39A and Article 48A.

6. Article 46, which the Madras Government relied on in Champakam Dorairajan, deals with the interests of:

   • Women and children
   • Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (correct answer)
   • Religious minorities
   • Industrial workers

   Explanation. Article 46 requires the State to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections, particularly SCs and STs.

7. Article 48A, on protecting and improving the environment, is classified under which group?

   • Socialistic
   • Gandhian
   • Liberal-Intellectual (correct answer)
   • It is not a Directive Principle

   Explanation. Article 48A is grouped with the Liberal-Intellectual principles, along with the Uniform Civil Code, early education, monuments, judicial separation and world peace.

8. Article 43B, on promoting cooperative societies, was added to the Constitution by which amendment, and in which year?

   • 42nd Amendment, 1976
   • 86th Amendment, 2002
   • 97th Amendment, 2011 (correct answer)
   • 44th Amendment, 1978

   Explanation. Article 43B was inserted by the 97th Amendment, which came into force on 15 February 2012. Part IXB on co-operative societies followed.

9. The original 1950 text of Article 45 promised free and compulsory education for children up to what age?

   • 6 years
   • 10 years
   • 14 years (correct answer)
   • 18 years

   Explanation. The original Article 45 promised free and compulsory education until age 14; this promise migrated into the enforceable Article 21A after the 86th Amendment.

10. Which Article directs the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive?

    • Article 44
    • Article 50 (correct answer)
    • Article 51
    • Article 48A

    Explanation. Article 50 directs the separation of the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State, and is classified as Liberal-Intellectual.